The legacy of Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza (1578–1641), a Basque Jesuit philosopher and theologian, has largely faded, overshadowed by his renowned contemporary, Francisco Suárez (1548–1617). Yet, Hurtado pioneered a tradition of comprehensive philosophical and theological textbooks that shaped intellectual discourse in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Often overlooked by historians of philosophy, Hurtado’s innovative ideas in logic, metaphysics, psychology, ethics, political philosophy, and theology deserve renewed attention. This volume brings together an international team of experts on seventeenth-century scholasticism to reexamine his writings with fresh analytical and historical rigor.