This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Workshop on Collective Robotics, CRW'98, held as part of the Agents' World 1998 conference in Paris, France, in July 1998.The 13 revised full papers presented in the book were selected during a vigorous reviewing process. The book brings together research in distributed artificial intelligence and intelligent robotics. Among the topics addressed are multi-agent collaboration, collective learning, self-organization, artificial life, simulation, mobile robots, robot soccer, human-robot cooperation, etc.