This compilation presents original study results on the leading edge of neuroscience research. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum. Included in this volume are amygdala-induced modulation of cognitive brain structures; plasticity and pathology of dendritic intrinsic excitability; the neurotoxic effects of heavy metals; fundamental mechanisms of glutamate neurotoxity; dendritic morphology and connectivity in the medial amygdala; cultured adult dorsal root ganglion neurons; cognitive function with diabetes mellitus; and the poster dorsal medial amygdala, emotion and the sexually dimorphic social behaviour network.