Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy offers a non-destructive, non-invasive, and portable solution for many problems associated with heritage material identification and characterisation. This book is intended as reference to this emerging technique for students and professionals wishing to adopt this ideal tool for rapid art and heritage collection surveys or for the conservation of heritage materials. The editors have brought together contributors at the forefront of this new technique, presenting its application to a wide range of cultural, historic, and archaeological materials.