Vegetable crops, including underutilized varieties, seed spices, and edible mushrooms, are essential sources of genetic resources for improving the quality and productivity of crops. The Genetic Resources and Improvement of Vegetable Crops book, a compilation of research conducted by numerous scientists from prestigious institutions such as IIHR, IARI, GBUAT, TNAU, IIVR, CCSHAU, PAU, MPUAT, CSKKVV, and BCKV, provides an overview of the collection, characterization, conservation, and utilization of germplasm. This book emphasizes the importance of genetic resource management and its accomplishments in India and highlights the application of various biotechnological tools and techniques, including tissue culture, molecular markers, and bioinformatics, in the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources. Additionally, it discusses biosafety regulations and intellectual property rights (IPR) issues. The book is an invaluable resource for teachers, researchers, students, and professionals in the field of plant genetic resources, providing them with the most recent advancements in genetic resource management and crop improvement.