Comprehensive study has been made on the ecology and productive potential of Chando, an oxbow lake of river Manorma, Basti (U.P.)INDIA. Two years observations (From June 2010- May 2012) in terms of alterations in the physico-chemical parameters, phyto and zooplankton abundance (qualitative and quantitative), cyanobacterial diversity, macrophytes abundance, annual fish catch and icthyodiversity- orderwise including clupeiformes,cypriniformes (two division namely cyprini and siluri), beloniformes, perciformes, mastacembeleformes,cyprinodontiformes, mugiliformes, ophiocephaliformes, symbranchiformes and tetrodontiformes has been illustrated. Possible sites for boosting up of aquaculture production has been pointed out. Results reveal that Chando is an unpolluted freshwater lake since, no industrial effluent get their way in this lake, hence productive potential may further be increased by improving the management practices.