A cutting-edge collection of detailed, step-by-step techniques and protocols for constructing, evaluating, and using affinity-based biosensors. Ideal for novices starting research in their field or experienced researchers wanting to use a biosensor for a specific analytical measurement, the methods detailed here allow biochemists, analytical chemists, microbiologists, and engineers to successfully apply biosensor technology to their specific problems. The techniques include the use of antibodies and membrane receptors to construct optical, thermal, acoustic, and electrochemically based biosensors. Additional techniques involve antibodies, receptors, nucleic acids, liposomes, and eukaryotic cells. A companion volume, Enzyme and Microbial Biosensors: Protocols and Techniques, by Mulchandani & Rogers, concentrates on enzyme-biosensors.