This manual is the definitive reference for GNU Bash, the standard GNU command-line interpreter. GNU Bash is a complete implementation of the POSIX2 shell specification (/bin/sh), with additional features from the C-shell (csh) and Korn shell (ksh). Most Bourne shell scripts can be run by Bash without modification. GNU Bash is free software, distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). It runs on GNU (GNU/Linux) and Unix systems. Versions are also available for Microsoft Windows. This book is a printed copy of the official GNU Bash Reference Manual, version 3.2 (updated November 2006). For each copy sold, $1 will be donated to the Free Software Foundation. About the authors: Chet Ramey and Brian Fox are the original developers of GNU Bash.