This volume examines post-imperial state formation in former Ottoman provinces, shifting the focus from a presumed rupture after 1918 to the enduring administrative, legal, and political continuities of the Ottoman Empire. Through case studies-drawing on examples such as Syria, Iraq, Egypt, and Turkey-it analyzes border disputes, foreign policy strategies, and competing visions of regional order in the 20th and 21st centuries. Employing both macro- and micro-historical approaches, and integrating transnational and local perspectives, the volume offers a critical revision of nationalist historiographies and provides new insights into the region's persistent political tensions.