This volume offers the first book-length examination of the most significant fault line in transhumanism: the tension between Classical Transhumanism (CT) and Euro-Transhumanism (ET). Penned by leading thinkers, the chapters systematically explore the movements' differing philosophical roots - Anglo-American rationalism for CT versus Continental philosophy for ET. The book dissects core disagreements on topics such as immortality versus extended healthspan, libertarian versus social democratic politics, and utopian versus non-utopian outlooks. The goal is not merely to highlight antagonism but to foster dialogue, identify shared values, and explore potential convergences for a more reflective and socially conscious approach to human enhancement.