The Septuagint - as a Greek translation of Hebrew Scriptures - originated in the 3rd century BC as a translation of the Hebrew Pentateuch. It was used by most of the New Testament authors as a basis for their written quotations, and it is the Old Testament in the Orthodox churches. At the same time it provides an insight into the way the Greek-speaking Jews understood the holy scripture. The historical location, the history of the text, the literary embedment and the theology of the Septuagint writings pose many unanswered questions. In an international research network, well-known scholars are attempting to find the answers. This volume is the product of a conference held by the Septuaginta Deutsch project in July 2006. The authors of the essays collected here begin by describing the current level of research and show the prospects for further research. The volume contains studies of the historical background of the Septuagint, the history of the text, the philology, the problems in individual parts of the Septuagint and the reception of the Septuagint.