This text thoroughly reviews the latest findings and concepts on the vascular biology of diabetes mellitus, the clinical vascular manifestations of diabetes, and the therapeutic options available for diabetic patients with vascular disease. The first section provides an in-depth understanding of fundamental principles and recent discoveries regarding diabetes mellitus and vascular biology. The second, clinically oriented section includes chapters on the economic implications of diabetes mellitus, risk profiling patients with diabetes, optimizing adjunctive therapies, and treatment strategies for diabetic patients with coronary and peripheral artery disease. Summaries of important clinical trials are included to provide an evidence-based approach to treatment.