This book concerns digital communication. Specifically, we treat the transport of bit streams from one geographical location to another over various physical media, such as wire pairs, coaxial cable, optical fiber, and radio waves. Further, we cover the mul­ tiplexing, multiple access, and synchronization issues relevant to constructing com­ munication networks that simultaneously transport bit streams from many users. The material in this book is thus directly relevant to the design of a multitude of digital communication systems, including for example local and metropolitan area data net­ works, voice and video telephony systems, the integrated services digital network (ISDN), computer communication systems, voiceband data modems, and satellite communication systems. We extract the common principles underlying these and other applications and present them in a unified framework. This book is intended for designers and would-be designers of digital communication systems. To limit the scope to manageable proportions we have had to be selective in the topics covered and in the depth of coverage. In the case of advanced information, coding, and detection theory, for example, we have not tried to duplicate the in-depth coverage of many advanced textbooks, but rather have tried to cover those aspects directly relevant to the design of digital communication systems.