This book addresses a subject which has been discussed intensively in the computer vision community. Performance characterization and evaluation of computer vision algorithms are of key importance, particularly with respect to the configuration of reliable and robust computer vision systems as well as the dissemination of reconfigurable systems in novel application domains. The objectives of this volume are to provide a scientific foundation for performance characterization of computer vision methods, to give an overview of methodologies of comparative assessment of algorithms, and to present evaluation approaches for a variety of computer vision applications. It comprises six parts: general issues; methodological aspects; statistical aspects; comparative studies; selected methods and algorithms; and finally a domain-specific part on evaluation in medical imaging. The text is designed to be suitable for both specialists and graduate students in computer science and electrical engineering who take an interest in computer vision, image processing, and algorithms.