Arterial hypertension has become a health problem that has been increasing over the years. It represents a disease in itself, as well as an important risk factor for other diseases, mainly ischemic heart disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, renal failure, and can also affect the peripheral vasculature and the retina. Thus, it is essential to achieve an early diagnosis and indicate the most appropriate therapy to maintain adequate control of blood pressure. This book deals with the classification, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of this disease.