This volume is based on the 1988 Stockholm Conference on Culture, Language and Artificial Intelligence. The conference, attended by over 300 researchers and practitioners in areas such as technology, philosophy, social science and linguistics, examined the impact of artificial intelligence on existing professional knowledge and practise. Skill and Education: Reflection and Experience is divided into two parts: part one examines how humans acquire knowledge and looks at the implications of this for expert systems design. The contributors cover important issues such as tacit knowledge, apprenticeship, theoretical acquisition of knowledge through scientific description, and actual developments in the relationship between IT and professional skill. Part two contains papers by participants in the Diderot project, an international research program into the social impact of computer technology in the workplace. The implementation of IT is assessed and enlightenment, skill and education are proposed as the basis for a humanised and productive use of new technology.