This book presents a general picture of research-driven activities related to location- and map-based services. This type of research has emerged in recent years in the areas of positioning, spatial modeling, and cartographic communication as well as in the emerging fields of ubiquitous cartography, geopervasive services and user-centered modeling. The innovative and contemporary character of these areas of research results in a great variety of interdisciplinary contributions, from academia to business, and computer science to geodesy. While contemporary cartography is exploring new and efficient ways of communicating spatial information, the development and availability of mobile devices, mobile networking and short-range sensors lead to interesting new means of conveying locational information. By attempting to make use of the available technology, cartographers and a variety of researchers from related disciplines look specifically at user-centered and context-aware system development as well as new forms of supporting wayfinding and navigational systems.