This book explores human biomonitoring (HBM) as a method to evaluate chemical exposure and its related health effects, with a specific focus on environmental and industrial chemicals. This volume, together with its companion “Human Biomonitoring I: Levels and Toxicokinetics of Short Half-life Chemicals and Mycotoxins in Blood, Urine and Breast Milk” provides a thorough overview of the presence of chemicals in human samples, including blood, urine, and breast milk.