This volume contains the texts of four courses given by the authors at a summer school that sought to present the growing field of topological methods in the theory of ordinary differential equations (in finite and infinite dimension), and to provide a forum for discussion of the wide variety of mathematical tools which are involved. The topics covered range from the extensions of the Lefschetz fixed point and the fixed point index on ANRs, to the theory of parity of one-parameter families of Fredholm operators, and from the theory of coincidence degree for mappings on Banach spaces to homotopy methods for continuation principles.