This book presents select proceedings of the International Conference on Processing and Characterization of Materials (ICPCM 2021) organized by the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela. Various topics covered in this book include materials processing, materials characterization, mineral concentration, metal extraction and refining, surface engineering, thin films and coatings, materials for nuclear, aviation and defence applications, advanced and smart materials, composites, mechanical behaviour, modelling and simulation, materials for energy applications and corrosion and environmental degradation. This book is of interest to researchers and professionals working in the different areas of material science.