This volume presents the proceedings from an international colloquium on Lie groups and ergodic theory held at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) in Mumbai, India. Designated a Golden Jubilee event at the Institute, this was one of the quadrennial colloquia of the School of Mathematics. There were 24 talks given by participants in Lie groups, ergodic theory and related fields. Leading mathematicians from around the world attended. Recent developments were presented and a session was devoted to discussion and problems for future research.