This book presents a unique methodology of precious and original scientific work in optical microscopy that is scarce to be found elsewhere. It covers modern 3D optical microscopy to provide a solid understanding of microscopic optics and imaging theory. With an inspiring development in diffractive image microscopy and ANN-based reverse mapping modeling, this is an invaluable book for precision optics, precision metrology, optical testing, biomedical engineering, and physics students or staff taking R&D on optical microscopy, as well as advanced undergraduates, professionals, and researchers looking for an accessible introduction to the field.