Since the start of the DENDRAL project at Stanford University over 15 years ago, with its objective of problem-solving via the automation of actual human expert knowledge, significant expert systems projects have been completed in countries rang­ ing from Japan to France, Spain to China.

Contributions by: C. Bock, W.J. Clancey, J. Cuena, P.E. Johnson, J.B. Moen, H. Prade, R. Sauers, T. Shibahara, T. Tanaka, W.B. Thompson, J.K. Tsotsos, J. Wang