This book aims to demonstrate and detail the pervasive nature of Discrete Optimization. While the subject’s applications cut across an incredibly wide range of activities, many of the applications are only known to specialists. It is the aim of this handbook to correct this. The book couples the difficult, critical-thinking aspects of mathematical modeling with the hot area of discrete optimization. It is done with an academic treatment outlining the state-of-the-art for researchers across the domains of the Computer Science, Math Programming, Applied Mathematics, Engineering, and Operations Research. The book utilizes the tools of mathematical modeling, optimization, and integer programming to solve a broad range of modern problems. The editors are internationally-known research scholars in the field and they have attracted some of the best names in the field to do commissioned chapters in the handbook.