This book enables design engineers to be more effective in designing discrete and integrated circuits by helping them understand the role of analog devices in their circuit design. Analog elements are at the heart of many important functions in both discrete and integrated circuits, but from a design perspective the analog components are often the most difficult to understand. Examples include operational amplifiers, D/A and A/D converters and active filters. Effective circuit design requires a strong understanding of the operation of these analog devices and how they affect circuit design.