The current crisis in arid and semi-arid regions is a complex issue that encompasses economic, food, and climate challenges. It is crucial to recognize the interconnectedness of these issues and the missed opportunities in addressing them in a comprehensive manner. This book aims to shed light on these challenges through detailed discussions of individual case studies. It is hoped that it will inspire a forward-looking debate that draws lessons from the past and suggests actions for the future. The book features expert opinions from scientists and eminent individuals at the national and state levels, along with futuristic remedial approaches to the challenges faced.